The history of Bukhara is more astonishing than the rest of the cities in Uzbekistan. The Bukhara oasis of Soghdiana was once conquered by Alexander the Great. Bukhara was also ruled by the Kushan Empire. Yet when Samanids got hold of Bukhara, they made it their capital.

The 10th century saw Bukhara as more of a scientific and cultural center. Famous poets like Narashashi, Rudakim and Dakiki, and scientist Avicenna were well-known in this city. During the end of the 10th century Bukhara was under the Karahanids reign. Monuments like the Magoki-Attani, Namaz-Doh Mosque and Chashma-Ajub were witnesses to this particular period.

From 1318-1389, Bukhara had a great religious leader - Sheikh Bahautdin Nakshbandi. His faith, Nakshbandism, was spread around Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey, India and Caucasus. In the 15th century, Bukhara was part of the Sheibanids State.

Many Moslem monuments like madrasahs, hanakis, and mosques were built at that time.