The Arabic world for pray is:

صَلَّى

Transliteration: Sallaa

Because of the emphatic S, the subsequent a sounds like an open o.

The final letter is a yaa without the two dots, which functions as a alif and stands for the long a sound. The name of this yaa that stands for a final alif is: alif maqsuura. When the final yaa is to be pronounced as a long i, the two dots are usually indicated,

Translation: to pray

Malay / Indonesian word: sholat (for both "to pray" and "prayer")

Derived words are:

صَلاَة

Transliteration: Salaa

The last letter is a taa marbuuTa, which marks that a word has feminine gender, but usually is not pronounced. The vowel before a taa marbuuTa is always a fatHa, so a word that is written with a taa marbuuTa always ends with an a. Unless it clearly refers to a female, a noun that does not end with a taa marbuuTa can be assumed to be of masculine gender.

Translation: prayer 

Prayer times:

فَجْر

Transliteration: fajr

Translation; dawn

مَغْرِب

Transliteration: maghrib

Translation: sunset

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أَذَان

Transliteration: azaan

Translation: call to prayer

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تَكْبِير

Transliteration: takbiir

Meaning: expressing Good is great

At the beginning of prayers, the hands are risen to the ears, and "God is great" is uttered.

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اللهُ أَكْبَر

Transliteration: Allahu akbar

Translation: God is great

The u after Allah is the grammatical case indication for the definite nominative.

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رَكْعَة

Transliteration: rak'a

Translation: prostration (in prayer)

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قِيَام

Transliteration: qiyaam

Meaning: standing position in prayer (2. position of a rak'a), with the left hand over the naval, and the right hand covering the left hand. Reciting Al-Fatihah, plus another sura.