Israel is located in the Middle East, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, the Great Syrian-African Rift Valley to the east and the Red Sea to the south, sharing its borders with Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt.

The northern and central part of Israel, where most of the population is concentrated, is divided into three distinct longitudinal sectors:

The Coastal Plain, to the west, including the major urban centers of Tel Aviv-Jaffa and Haifa.

The Valley Region, to the east, with the Jordan River linking the two inland seas (the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea).

The mountain range in central Israel, incorporating the Hills of Galilee, Samaria and Judea, including the capital, Jerusalem.

In the northeast, one can find the Golan Heights and snow-capped Mt Hermon, while the Southern Region consists of the Negev and Arava deserts which constitute most of the country's land area including Be'er Sheva, the capital of the Negev, and Eilat on the Red Sea.

Altitudes vary from 2,224 m.(7,296 ft.) at Mt. Hermon to -392 m. (-1,286 ft.) at the Dead Sea, the lowest spot on earth.

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