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Greece

Greece /'gri?s/ (help·info) (Greek: ????da, transliterated: Elláda [e?'laða] , historically ?????, Hellás, IPA: [(h)e?'l(?)as]), also known as Hellas and officially the Hellenic Republic (???????? ??µ???at?a, Elliniki´ Dimokratía, [e?lini'k?i ðimokra'tia]), is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula. The country has land borders with Albania, the F.Y.R.O.M and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east, totaling 1,160 km (721 mi) in length. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the tenth longest coastline in the world at 14,880 km (9,246 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1400, 227 of which are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian islands. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest as 2,917 m (9,570 ft).

Modern Greece traces its roots to the civilization of ancient Greece, generally considered to be the cradle of Western civilization. As such, it is the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, Western literature and historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, and Western drama, including both tragedy and comedy.

A developed country with a very high Human Development Index, Greece has been a member of what is now the European Union since 1981 and its Economic and Monetary Union since 2001, NATO since 1952, and the European Space Agency since 2005. It is also a founding member of the United Nations, the OECD, and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization. Athens is the capital; other major cities include Thessaloniki, Patras, Heraklion and Larissa.

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Jan Garanoz
Last updated: October 28, 2011